<\/span><\/h2>\nMany people believe that in the construction, only electricity and running water are enough. It is not necessary to care about the correct installation technique. This is a completely wrong concept because the risk with the project is extremely large. This can even be life-threatening. In fact, in Vietnam, there have been many fatal electric shock leaks, which are directly caused by improper installation of electrical systems that are not safe.<\/span><\/p>\nWhy should the correct technique be followed when constructing electricity and water in the project?<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\nYou must have experienced a clogged drain. In the course of more than 10 years of construction and maintenance of the water and electricity system, we found that 90% of the causes of clogged pipes are installation errors. Only 10% errors due to the use process only.<\/span><\/p>\nTherefore, the correct implementation of electrical and water construction techniques is a mandatory requirement to avoid unwanted problems later in the process of use.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Principles to keep in mind when constructing electricity and water in civil works<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n– Use a low voltage tester or a light bulb to determine the current. It is strictly forbidden to use hands to test, which will cause danger to the user.<\/span><\/p>\n– In case of broken electricity located above the galvanometer, the electricity branch must be notified to send workers to repair. If the damaged part is behind the galvanometer, it is imperative to cut the main circuit breaker before proceeding to repair the damage.<\/span><\/p>\n– It is necessary to ensure that the distance between 2 porcelain clamps or 2 adjacent porcelain pulleys is not too large, besides make sure the distance between the conductor and the structure is not less than 10 mm.<\/span><\/p>\n– Construction of electrical conductor connection needs to be staggered and has insulation tape wrapped outside the connection, especially for the case of double wire.<\/span><\/p>\n– Never close or cut circuit breakers, switches, etc. When your hands are still wet, it will transmit electricity, causing people to be electrocuted.<\/span><\/p>\n– Only electrical equipment and electrical tools that have been grounded and connected without safety protection are allowed.<\/span><\/p>\n– Construction and installation of circuit breakers, electrical switches on small wooden boards, and fasten them to walls or columns. The most reasonable place to mount the wooden board is about 1.5 m above the ground. Pay attention to the circuit breaker, the electrical switch must have a safety cover.<\/span><\/p>\n– The main lines in the house and each auxiliary line or electrical appliances in the house must have a protective fuse with a safety cover. The fuse-link of the protective fuse must be suitable for the use capacity to ensure that when there is a short-circuit, the fuse-link must explode and cut the circuit. The fuse-link must be installed according to the technical requirements. In a single-phase circuit, it is mandatory to put a fuse on the hot wire. If both wires are hot wires (2 phase wires), you must put fuses on both wires.<\/span><\/p>\n– The electrical conductors in the house must not use bare conductors but must use insulated conductors of reputable quality. It is necessary to select the electrical conductor cross-section in accordance with the ability to carry current to the power tools that it provides, to avoid the case of using a conductor with a small cross-section on power tools with too large capacity to avoid causing damage. serious electrical problems.<\/span><\/p>\n– When conducting indoor wiring installation, it is necessary to place it on clamps, porcelain pulleys or electrical conduit, which is usually made of plastic.<\/span><\/p>\n– Make sure that the electrical wires through the walls and roof need to be placed in protective porcelain pipes. Avoid rain water standing in pipes or running down the house. The distance from the insulators supporting the end of the electrical conductor entering the house to the roof needs to be 2m or more.<\/span><\/p>\n– The installation location of circuit breakers and switches must be easy to disassemble, there are obstacles below, the place must be spacious and well-ventilated, ensuring that the closing and cutting of electricity is quick and timely.<\/span><\/p>\n– Avoid installing electrical outlets, electrical switches, do not pull power cords through wet places, toilets or bathrooms. For the bathroom, the safest place to place the power switch is on the outside of the room door, next to the door frame on the side without hinges.<\/span><\/p>\n– In case the circuit breaker, switch, and electrical outlet is damaged, it must be installed new or replaced immediately to ensure safety for human health.<\/span><\/p>\n– It is especially necessary to educate children to understand and not to put metal wires, iron nails or put fingers into electrical sockets.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Electrical construction process in civil works<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nLet’s find out the process and methods of construction of electromechanical systems for offices and families first. In this section, we will go into depth and focus on the construction of electricity and water. In the electrical part, the construction team will proceed step by step in the following order:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Step 1: Install the power line protection pipe system<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nDuring the installation of the power line protection system, you should pay attention to strictly follow the agreed standards and design guidelines.<\/span><\/p>\nIn the current designs, architects often follow Vietnamese standards, IEC standards. This protective tube shall be flexible, high temperature resistant, impact resistant and readily malleable.<\/span><\/p>\nUsually, we put wall pipes and concrete floors. In areas of technical floors, pipes run floating on technical floors. The installation process is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n– The pipe system placed in the concrete floor is implemented right after the construction unit finishes weaving the floor iron layer: In places where there is only one layer of floor iron, the pipe will be placed right on the iron layer, in a position with two layers. iron floor, pipe will be placed between two layers of iron floor. At the turns, these pipes will be bent by springs, the radius is about 6 to 9 times the pipe diameter, ensuring that we can easily pull the wire and replace it later if something goes wrong.<\/span><\/p>\n– Absolutely do not use the connectors at the turns: because it will directly affect the pulling of the rope due to the sharp turn. At splits of 3 or more wire branches should be made in boxes.<\/span><\/p>\n– The pipes waiting for the wire to be pulled must be covered: to avoid foreign objects entering and having difficulty in pulling the rope later.<\/span><\/p>\nNote:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\nWhen installing underground pipes: it is recommended to install and repair the wall when building the wall 5 days, so that the wall is sufficiently rigid, not cracked when punching the wall, and should only be chiseled after cutting the wall. In places where pipe cutting and splicing is required, the cutter head should be smoothed to avoid scratching the wire. The distance between the two joints is >50mm compared to the middle of the pipe and >25mm at the end of the pipe. Should be fixed by cement or concrete after being fixed by horizontal steel bar or steel wire column.<\/span><\/li>\nPipes floating on technical floors, in technical boxes: must be fixed by hose clamps and the distance between clamps should be >1200mm. Drill the screws and spacers to attach the hose clamp with an electric drill.<\/span><\/li>\nStandard for underground electrical conduit: the pipe going in the wall should go in parallel, with the last part being a box containing switches and sockets. Fix the tube to the box with a screw coupling, the recessed light box in the floor needs to be stuffed with paper, foam and covered with masking tape, to prevent the mortar from entering. The connection pipe must be >7mm from the formwork, to avoid cracking bare crow’s feet.<\/span><\/li>\nUse the water scale to determine the position and elevation for the light box, switch box: make sure the boxes after installation are not tilted or skewed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nElectrical construction process in civil works<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>Step 2: Install the power cable<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nImmediately after completing the installation of the pipe system and junction box, the next step is to install the cable. This stage is very important, so it should be done carefully with a team of skilled workers to ensure that the wiring is simple to install, easy to repair and replace. Otherwise, the repair later will be extremely difficult and complicated.<\/span><\/p>\nBesides, you also need to note a few details:<\/span><\/p>\n\nThe number of wires should only be < 40% of the pipe cross section: This makes it easier to replace later. The wires should be distributed in the right area, in the correct color scheme in the design.<\/span><\/li>\nInstall wires in the correct order and position in the diagram of electrical distribution cabinets: Connections should be made in plug boxes or light tray boxes. No wiring in the conduit, avoiding electrical problems such as short circuits, and making it easy to repair or replace.<\/span><\/li>\nStandard connector cable: has a diameter suitable to the wire cross-section, the power cable connects to the equipment. These connections must ensure the insulation of the whole system, do not overlap on the cross-sections, the distance of the wires is reasonable, do not cause entanglement, the insulation resistance must meet the requirements according to TCVN.<\/span><\/li>\nCable lines must be sure: underground cables must have a minimum depth of 800mm, threaded in PVC pipes with protected concrete, the density of wires in pipes and troughs must be <40% for good heat dissipation and not affected. affected by the traffic above.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>Step 3: Install electrical cabinets and panels<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nElectrical cabinets and panels are usually cabinets with pedestals and can be mounted on the wall. The installation of these cabinets and panels must be coordinated with the construction work, right before the completion of the wall, because at this time we can determine the position of the iron bars and switches to install the cabinets.<\/span><\/p>\n\nFix the nameplates of the branches coming out of the cabinet: for easy inspection and maintenance later.<\/span><\/li>\nThe equipment inside the cabinet: must be installed by a team of skilled workers. Dimensions and details of the equipment inside will be handed over to the investor in the drawings for them to carry out production and installation as well as to consult and supervise the construction later. The cabinet will be designed and installed in accordance with regulations and meet IEC standards.<\/span><\/li>\nTime to install cabinets: right after finishing the first coat of water paint.<\/span><\/li>\nGround wire: is spread from the position of the distribution cabinet to the grounding pole. The grounding pile system is installed right after the ground leveling is completed, meeting the resistance measurements specified in the design and regulations.<\/span><\/li>\nUse cable reinforcement for connection: after the cabinet and the electrical panel are put into the connection position between the ground wire and the grounded busbar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>Step 4: Install electrical equipment<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nDevices that use electricity here include:<\/span><\/p>\n\nWiring, ap-to-mat, switch: must ensure the right quality and type required in the design and according to the requirements of the investor.<\/span><\/li>\nLights, switches, sockets: are installed after pulling the wire and the paintwork has been completed.<\/span><\/li>\nA team of technicians is installing electrical equipment<\/span><\/li>\nTechnician is installing electrical equipment<\/span><\/li>\nWiring system and electrical equipment: installation principles comply with technical regulations, regularly check and compare with design drawings to coordinate on schedule with construction.<\/span><\/li>\nLocation of electrical boxes, waiting boxes: must be installed correctly in both position and height, in the right route and must have certainty. The terminals of the waiting line must have a distinguishing mark to avoid confusion.<\/span><\/li>\nConduct electrical testing, and system operation: as soon as all electrical equipment is installed, if not satisfactory, check and correct it in time before handing over to put into use.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>Step 5: Perform connector work, check<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nThe work of connection, inspection and acceptance needs to be done by a team of skilled workers with high technical level. Some points to pay attention to carefully carry out the acceptance test:<\/span><\/p>\n\nCable terminations are terminated: right before installation in the connection point of the equipment, the cable ends must be terminated, except for the case of connection point structure at the equipment with small capacity.<\/span><\/li>\nBefore making connection: must carefully check the connection diagram, the voltage used of the equipment described in the catalog or on the label.<\/span><\/li>\nAttach device codes: for junction boxes, lights, fans, air conditioners, light rods, light poles, etc., to facilitate later inspection and maintenance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/h2>\n After having in hand the drawing of construction methods for the water supply pipe, we will proceed to other tasks in sequence such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Step 1: Construction of the refrigeration system<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nRefrigerant pipes going underground or floating: must be insulated with thickness >19mm for steam pipes and >6mm for liquid pipes.<\/span><\/li>\nInstallation time: right after building the wall 5 days is reasonable.<\/span><\/li>\nPVC condensate drain pipe: must be insulated with thickness >13mm, slope 1%.<\/span><\/li>\nOpenings through floors or walls: must be sealed with waterproof material<\/span><\/li>\nPressure testing of the liquid pipeline: must be carried out carefully before gas is injected. Gas must be pressure tested according to the manufacturer’s standards.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>Step 2: Construction of communication and fire alarm system<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nConstruction at the same time: hidden underground pipeline system for fire notification and hidden underground pipe system.<\/span><\/li>\nInstallation standards: communication cables must be placed in troughs, separate pipes from medium\/low voltage cables with a distance of >0.6m<\/span><\/li>\nConnection of communication and fire alarm cables: must be placed in the junction box, and connected by means of connections.<\/span><\/li>\nGround in a single location: with all levels covered.<\/span><\/li>\nInstallation height: with network socket, fire alarm device according to instructions and meets TCVN.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nWater construction process in civil works<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>Step 3: Construction of lightning protection system<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nImplementation sequence: lightning rod F16, h=0.5m and grounding pile l63x63x5, l=2.5m driven into the ground by hammer, connected between 30×4 steel plate and grounded piles buried about 0.8m and down-conductor F16, air-termination wire F10, connected to the ground wire from the ground to the roof.<\/span><\/li>\nInstallation standards: the air-termination wire is placed >8cm from the wire laying surface, connected to the roof frame, wall by turn-on pins, the distance between the turn-on pins is >1m. The F10 lightning conductor is placed on the wall, the column is also fixed with the flip-flops as above.<\/span><\/li>\nLightning conductors and lightning conductors must be painted with anti-rust paint: the ground wire, the grounding pile must be absolutely unpainted.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>